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Posted by Fredda on January 11th, 2021

ADEN, Southern Yemen, May 20-- Once a major port and marine base upon the route from the Arabian Sea to Europe, this steamy capital is worn-out and listless, with numerous shops closed and its markets almost bare. Villages in the interior, disregarded for centuries, are explained by Government authorities as prospering, with schools, clinics and farm cooperatives in location for the very first time.

This is the primary achievement of the Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen, the only Marxist state in the Arab world. Prior to independence in 1967 the nation consisted of the British nest of Aden, with its flourishing port, and the protectorate of Aden, a federation of 17 =developed tribal sultanates and emirates known jointly as South Arabia.

Southern Yemens transformation has not been achieved without shocks. The sheiks were deported, opponents of the brand-new regime left or disappeared, and many of the little educated elite, tradesperson and experienced workers left.

Generally bad and underpopulated,; this nation of two million is significantly based on foreign financial and tech.nical assistance, which has actually come generally from the Soviet Union and other nations' of the Eastern bloc due to the fact that of the reluctance of Western nations to assist the; Marxist Government. Now Southern 'Yemen is turning increasingly to the; United Nations Development Program and other global companies in addition to to other Arab countries for aid.

' No Real Economic Base'

" The English just developed our trade, and when trade goes life passes away," Information Minister Rashid Mohammed Thabit stated in a current interview. "There was no genuine financial base." He added that the Governments primary concern had been to raise living requirements, first by developing a diversified economy and second by supplying essential social services.

Throughout a far-flung backwoods it was apparent that the Governments record is far better in the social field than in the economic. Aden, a crucial trading center in

Roman times, lies in the crater of an extinct volcano and is surrOunded by craggy peak.s with ancient fortifications and contemporary military installations. Prior to the closing of the Suez Canal in 1967, at the time of independence, Aden received more than 6,000 ships a year and was a hectic commercial center. When left‐wing nationalists concerned

power 2 years later on with their "corrective movement," foreign shipping and most commercial issues were nationalized. Luxury cosmetics and fashion jewelry stores and those offering electrical devices, cams and sound equipment have been closed or transformed into of flees, remences or junx Sa0pS, as nave tailor shops and hairdressing salons.

The port, which, together with an oil refinery, used to be the main income source, has been reactivated given that the reopening of the canal however is far below its previous level of activity. "We have much better facilities and sensible rates," the Information Minister stated bitterly, "but some shipping business prefer • Djibouti or Jidda for political factors."

The refinery, an old installation requiring renovation that is 18 miles south of the capital, is running considerably under former production levels. British Petroleum, whichhanded it over to the Yemenis in 1977, has been phasing out, and just four or five of its professionals and their better halves will be left by the end of the year.

While Aden appears rundown and badly in requirement of paint, development is noticeable in the countryside. The village has acquired electrical power and piped water, two schools, a basic healthcare facility, a market, a state food store and a fish market, according to a regional official, Mohammed Muhsin Jaffar.

Ladies Also Go to School

" The schools are coeducational," Mr. Jaffar stated. "Before self-reliance the girls in Al Wahat did not go to school."

The main requirement of the town is roadways, he went on. Camel caravans stroll leisurely down the primary street, and a rough four‐mile sand https://guyhirn-online.org.uk/say-hi/ track connects Al Wahat to the main roadway.

Southern Yemen has made amazing achievments in education, according to foreign sources. "The education program here is the very best in the Middle East since the curriculum is adjusted to the requirements of the people," stated a United Na

tions exper on the location.

When theHritislipnlled out thereVere 15,000 children in sehool, and there are 250,000 now, stated Dr, Jaffar Dafari, deputy dean for ntadernic affairs at the University of Aden and one of 6 university graduates at 1he.: tiMe of self-reliance: The university,, whiCh opened with a. school of education: m( 1103 trainees in 1970, now has two schools of education in addition to schools of farming, econothics,. innovation and medication.

Another field of enhancement has been medical services, particularly in rural areas, with the Government reporting the opening of 14 university hospital' and 252 health systems. Healthcare facilities are staffed by Chinese, Indian, Cuban and Soviet doctors, and Hungarians are being brought in.

Major advances are stated to have been made In womens rights,: with more development in schooling; jobs and legal rights than any other Arab nation.

Result of Mild Stimulant

Another important social achievement declared bir the Government is the disappearance of khat, the chewing of the leaves of which has the effect of a moderate stimulant and, according to officials, is bad for health and efficiency when it ends up being regular.

The Government says that its primary

financial achievement in a nation of • chronic umemployment has actually been to pro

At the very same time there is a major manpower scarcity, largely since of comprehensive emigration to the oilproducing nations. Labor is so brief that the Libyans, who are constructing a college of medicine, and the Russians, who are to put up structures for the schools of education and economics, have actually been encouraged to bring in Pakstanis or Indians.

Southern Yemen need to depend heavily on foreign financial investment aid. Even so, 54 percent of the funding bad to come from foreign sources: the Soviet Union, China, East Germany, Arab organizations and United Nations companies.

Agriculture was offered concern under the previous five‐year strategy but is far from attaining the aim of independence from imports. People line up at 6:30 A.M. in the main markets in Aden, and by 8 A.M. just a couple of watermelons, bananas, eggplants and onions are left.

" Its better than in 2015," a European teacher stated cheerfully, "when there were no onions for 3 months and a load of imported apples was a historic event."

The New York Times/May 26:1679

The New York Times/ Ingeborg Lippman

Class in a women secondary school in Aden. Education program in Southern Yemen is called among finest in Middle East.