From Fiction to Reality: How Transformer Breathers are Changing Lives

Posted by Daniel Brown on March 1st, 2023

Transformer breathers, also known as dehydrating breathers or silica gel breathers, are a critical component of power transformers that help maintain their insulation systems. They play a vital role in preventing moisture ingress, which can lead to insulation breakdown and eventual failure of the transformer.

Transformers are designed to operate at high voltages, and their insulation systems are designed to withstand the stresses caused by high electrical fields. However, these insulation systems are not impervious to moisture, which can slowly degrade the insulation material over time. Moisture can enter transformers through various pathways, such as the oil or the air, and can result in the formation of harmful byproducts that can damage the insulation.

Transformer breathers are designed to prevent moisture ingress by drying out the air that enters the transformer. They consist of a cylindrical container that houses a desiccant, typically silica gel, which absorbs moisture from the air. The breather is connected to the transformer's conservator tank, which contains the transformer oil. As the oil level in the transformer fluctuates due to temperature changes or load variations, air is drawn in through the breather to equalize the pressure in the tank. The air passes through the desiccant, which removes any moisture, before entering the transformer.

The silica gel used in transformer breathers is specially formulated to have a high affinity for moisture. It can absorb up to 40% of its weight in water, making it an effective desiccant. The silica gel is typically housed in cartridges that can be easily replaced when they become saturated with moisture.

Transformer breathers are critical components of power transformers and must be properly maintained to ensure their effectiveness. The desiccant cartridges must be replaced periodically, and the breather should be inspected regularly for signs of damage or wear. If a breather is not functioning properly, it can lead to moisture ingress, which can cause insulation breakdown and eventual failure of the transformer.

In conclusion, transformer breathers are an essential component of power transformers that help maintain their insulation systems. By preventing moisture ingress, they help ensure the reliable operation of transformers and extend their lifespan. Regular maintenance and replacement of desiccant cartridges are necessary to ensure their continued effectiveness.