Tryptase, pepsinogen and related diseases

Posted by Lisa Clara on December 21st, 2019

Tryptase and related diseases

After Paul Ehrlich discovered mastcells (MCs), in the 1970s, when trypsin was used to stain MC for enzymatic histology, it was found that MC could be stained, indicating that there must be a substance with trypsin activity. In 1981, Schwartz et al. Further purified the substance and found that it was released by MC. More than 90% of its trypsin-like activity came from an enzyme, so it was named tryptase (TS). Subsequent research found that tryptase accounts for 25% of the total MC total protein, and is stored in the degranulation of MC together with histamine, heparin, and other MC products in a catalytically active form.The storage and expression in MC has a high degree of Selectivity is seen as a sign of MC and its degranulation. Tryptase can induce and promote the progress of various diseases. At present, research focuses on tryptase in MC-induced inflammation, angiogenesis, chemotaxis, and growth factor synthesis. The trypsin-like family consists of trypsin-like serine proteases, encoding at least three genes located at the 13.3 short arm of chromosome 16.

Tryptase can alter the composition of collagen, elastin, and other protein proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of the airway; it can be used as a mitogen to stimulate the proliferation of airway epithelial cells, bronchial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, further promoting the airway Repair. In addition, tryptase can also divide fibrinogen and fibronectin related to injury and inflammation in the airway, and regulate cell migration. In addition, tryptase can regulate the tension and response of airway smooth muscle cells, stimulate microvascular permeability and MC activation, and stimulate the formation of new blood vessels.

Significance of serum pepsinogen detection in diagnosis of gastric diseases

Gastric cancer is one of the more common malignant tumors in China, and its incidence and mortality rate rank first among various malignant tumors. Early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment are one of the key measures to reduce the mortality rate. At present, the diagnosis of gastric cancer and other gastric diseases still needs to be confirmed by gastroscopy and histopathology. However, due to the great pain of gastroscopy, it is often not accepted by patients, and it is easy to cause delayed diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, the relationship between changes in serum pepsinogen (PG) content and gastric cancer and other gastric diseases and its application as a preliminary screening method in gastric cancer screening have attracted more and more researchers' attention. Japanese scholars have found that PG can be used as a serum screening index for high-risk groups of precancerous lesions and gastric cancer.